How much will solar panels produce in Rotterdam?

A 4 kWp system facing south at 35° tilt in Rotterdam produces about 4,241 kWh a year. In a weak year that is 3,516 kWh, in a good one 4,967 kWh — 1,060 kWh per kWp.

That’s about 151% of a typical home’s yearly use (2,800 kWh).

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Based on 2014–2023 satellite weather data

Production by month

0200400600800JanJanuary: 4 kWp 131 kWh, range 101–161FebFebruary: 4 kWp 220 kWh, range 145–294MarMarch: 4 kWp 369 kWh, range 280–457AprApril: 4 kWp 483 kWh, range 384–582MayMay: 4 kWp 548 kWh, range 428–669JunJune: 4 kWp 541 kWh, range 445–637JulJuly: 4 kWp 515 kWh, range 418–611AugAugust: 4 kWp 507 kWh, range 416–597SepSeptember: 4 kWp 417 kWh, range 341–493OctOctober: 4 kWp 251 kWh, range 196–307NovNovember: 4 kWp 163 kWh, range 126–199DecDecember: 4 kWp 104 kWh, range 71–137

kWh per month

A typical day in May

The sunniest month in Rotterdam. Output peaks around 11:00 solar time, at about 2.1 kWh in the best hour.

0:006:0012:0018:0023:00 2.1 0

Month by month

Month Weak year, kWh Typical year, kWh Good year, kWh
January 101 131 161
February 145 220 294
March 280 369 457
April 384 483 582
May 428 548 669
June 445 541 637
July 418 515 611
August 416 507 597
September 341 417 493
October 196 251 307
November 126 163 199
December 71 104 137
Year 3,516 4,241 4,967

The months don’t add up exactly to the yearly figure, because each one is the typical value across many years.

Common questions

How much do solar panels produce in winter in Rotterdam?

From November to February the system produces about 617 kWh, which is 15% of the year. The weakest month (December) gives roughly 104 kWh.

Is an east-west roof worth it in Rotterdam?

An east-west system typically produces 10–25% less per kWp than one facing south, but spreads production more evenly through the day. The exact difference depends on tilt and shading.

Compare an east-west roof for Rotterdam

Ground mount or roof in Rotterdam?

A ground mount can be tilted and aimed freely, which can add some yield, but it costs more and needs space. Compare both for your own plot.

Check a ground-mounted system in Rotterdam

Your roof is not an average roof

Set your own tilt, direction, shading and inverter limit and get a range for your address.

Calculate for my roof

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Climate data: Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PVGIS) — European Commission, Joint Research Centre